Asmaa' bint Abu Bakr belonged to a distinguished Muslim family. HeradhiAllahuanhar father, Abu Bakr, was a close friend of the Prophet and  the first Caliph after his death. Her half-sister, 'Aa'ishah, was a wife of the Prophet and one of the Ummahaat al-Mu'mineen (Mothers of the Faithful). Her  husband, Zubayr ibn al-'Awwaam, was one of the special personal aides of the Prophet. Her son, 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr, became well known for his incorruptibility and his unswerving devotion to Truth.

Asmaa', herself, was one of the first persons to accept Islaam. Only about seventeen persons including both men and women  became Muslims before her. She was later given the nickname Dhat an-Nitaaqayn (the One with the Two Waistbands) because of an incident connected with the departure of the Prophet and her father from Makkah on the historic hijrah (migration) to  Madinah.

Asmaa' was one of the few persons who knew of the Prophet's plan to leave for Madinah. The utmost secrecy had to be maintained because of the Quraysh plans to murder the Prophet. On the night of their departure, Asmaa' was the one who  prepared a bag of food and a water-container for their journey. She did not find anything though with which to tie the containers and decided to use her waistband or nitaaq. Abu Bakr suggested that she tear it into two. This she did and the  Prophet commended her action. From then on she became known as "the One with the Two Waistbands".

When the final emigration from Makkah to Madinah took place soon after the departure of the Prophet, Asmaa' was pregnant. She did not let her pregnancy or the prospect of a long and arduous journey deter her from leaving. As soon as she reached Qubaa' on the outskirts of Madinah, she gave birth to a son, 'Abdullah. The Muslims shouted Allahu Akbar (God is  the Greatest) and Laa ilaaha illa Allah (There is no God but Allah) in happiness and thanksgiving because this was the first child to be born to the muhaajireen (sahaabah from had migrated from Makkah to Madinah) in Madinah.

Asmaa' became known from her title and noble qualities and for the keenness of her intelligence. She was an extremely  generous person. Her son 'Abdullah once said of her,

"I have not seen two women more generous than my aunt 'Aa'ishah and  my mother Asmaa'. But their generosity was expressed in different ways. My aunt would accumulate one thing after another until she had gathered what she felt was sufficient and then distributed it all to those in need. My mother, on the other hand, would not keep anything even for the morrow."

Asmaa's presence of mind in difficult circumstances was remarkable. When her father let Makkah, he took all his wealth,  amounting to some six thousand dirhams, with him and did not leave any for his family. When Abu Bakr's father, Abu Quhaafah (he was still a mushrik - polytheist) heard of his departure he went to their house and said to Asmaa':

"I understand that he has left you bereft of money after he himself has abandoned you."

"No, grandfather," replied Asmaa, "in fact he has left us much money."

She took some pebbles and put them in a small  recess in the wall where they used to put money. She threw a cloth over the heap and took the hand of her grandfather--he was blind--and said,

"See how much money he has left us".

Through this stratagem, Asmaa' wanted to allay the fears of the old man and to forestall him from giving them anything of his  own wealth. This was because she disliked receiving any assistance from a mushrik (polytheist), even if it was her own grandfather.

She had a similar attitude to her mother and was not inclined to compromise her honor and her faith. Her mother, Qutaylah,  once came to visit her in Madinah. She was not a Muslim and was divorced from her father in pre-Islamic times. Her mother  brought her gifts of raisins, clarified butter and qaraz (pods of a species of sant tree). Asmaa' at first refused to admit her into her home or accept the gifts. She sent someone to 'Aa'ishah to ask the Prophet, peace be upon him, about her attitude to her mother and he replied that she should certainly admit her to her house and accept the gifts. On this occasion, the following  revelation came to the Prophet:

{God forbids you not, with regard to those who do not fight you because of your faith nor drive you out of your homes, from  dealing kindly and justly with them. God loves those who are just. God only forbids you with regard to those who fight you  for your Faith, and drive you from your homes, and support others in driving you out, from turning to them (for friendship and  protection). It is such as turn to them (in these circumstances) that do wrong.} (Surah al-Mumtahanah 6O: 8-9).

For Asmaa' and indeed for many other Muslims, life in Madinah was rather difficult at first. Her husband was quite poor and  his only major possession to begin with was a horse he had bought. Asmaa' herself described these early days:

"I used to provide fodder for the horse, give it water and groom it. I would grind grain and make dough but I could not bake  well. The women of the Ansaar used to bake for me. They were truly good women. I used to carry the grain on my head from az-Zubayr's plot which the Prophet had allocated to him to cultivate. It was about three farsakh (about eight kilometers)  from the town's center. One day I was on the road carrying the grain on my head when I met the Prophet and a group of  Sahaabah. He called out to me and stopped his camel so that I could ride behind him. I felt embarrassed to travel with the  Prophet and also remembered az-Zubayr's jealousy, he was the most jealous of men. The Prophet realized that I was embarrassed and rode on."

Later, Asmaa' related to az-Zubayr exactly what had happened and he said,

"By God, that you should have to carry grain is far more distressing to me than your riding with (the Prophet)".

Clealry, Asmaa' was a person of great sensitivity and devotion. She and her husband worked extremely hard together until their situation of poverty gradually changed. At times, however, az-Zubayr treated her harshly. Once she went to her father and complained to him about this. His reply to her was:

'My daughter, have sabr (patience) for if a woman has a righteous husband and he dies and she does not marry after him, they will be brought together again in Paradise."

Az-Zubayr eventually became one of the richest men among the Sahabah but Asmaa' did not allow this to corrupt her  principles. Her son, al-Mundhir once sent her an elegant dress from Iraaq made of fine and costly material. Asmaa' by this time was blind. She felt the material and said,

"It's awful. Take it back to him".

Al-Mundhir was upset and said, "Mother. it was not transparent. "

"It may not be transparent," she retorted, "but it is too tight fitting and shows the contours of the body."

Al-Mundhir bought another dress that met with her approval and she purty_flower_400accepted it.

If the above incidents and aspects of Asmaa's life may easily be forgotten, then her final meeting with her son, 'Abdullah,  must remain one of the most unforgettable moments in early Muslim history. At that meeting she demonstrated the keenness of her intelligence, her resoluteness and the strength of her faith.

'Abdullah was in the running for the Caliphate after the death of Yazid ibn Mu'aawiyah. The Hijaz, Egypt, Iraq, Khurasan and  much of Syria were favorable to him and acknowledged him as the Caliph. The Ummayyads however continued to contest the Caliphate and to field a massive army under the command of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ath-Thaqafi. Relentless battles were fought between the two sides during which 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr displayed great acts of courage and heroism. Many of his supporters however could not withstand the continuous strain of battle and gradually began to desert him. Finally he sought  refuge in the Sacred Mosque at Makkah. It was then that he went to his mother, now an old blind woman, and said:

"Peace be on you, Mother, and the mercy and blessings of God."

"Unto you be peace, Abdullah," she replied. "What is it that  brings you here at this hour while boulders from Hajjaj's catapults are raining down on your soldiers in the Haram and shaking the houses of Makkah?"

"I came to seek your advice," he said.

"To seek my advice?" she asked in astonishment. "About what?"

"The people have deserted me out of fear of Hajjaj or being tempted by what he has to offer. Even my children and my family have left me. There is only a small group of men with me now and however strong and steadfast they are they can only resist for an hour or two more. Messengers of the Banoo Umayyah (the Umayyads) are now negotiating with me, offering to  give me whatever worldly possessions I want, should I lay down my arms and swear allegiance to 'Abdul Malik ibn Marwan. What do you think?"

Raising her voice, she replied:

"It's your affair, 'Abdullah, and you know yourself better. If however you think that you are right and that you are standing up for the Truth, then persevere and fight on as your companions who were killed under your flag had shown perseverance. If however you desire the world, what a miserable wretch you are. You would have destroyed yourself and you would have destroyed your men."

"But I will be killed today, there is no doubt about it."

"That is better for you than that you should surrender yourself to Hajjaj voluntarily and that some minions of Banu Umayyah  should play with your head."

"I do not fear death. I am only afraid that they will mutilate me."

"There is nothing after death that man should be afraid of. Skinning does not cause any pain to the slaughtered sheep."

'Abdullah's face beamed as he said: "What a blessed mother! Blessed be your noble qualities! I have come to you at this hour to hear what I have heard. God knows that I have not weakened or despaired. He is witness over me that I have not stood up for what I have out of love for this world and its attractions but only out of anger for the sake of God. His limits have been transgressed. Here am I, going to what is pleasing to you. So if I am killed, do not grieve for me and commend me to God."

"I shall grieve for you," said the aging but resolute Asmaa, "only if you are killed in a vain and unjust cause."

"Be assured that your son has not supported an unjust cause, nor committed any detestable deed, nor done any injustice to a Muslim or a Dhimmi (a non Muslim under the protection of the Islamic government, upon whom taxs are levied) and that there is nothing better in his sight than the pleasure of God, the Mighty, the Great. I do not say this to exonerate myself. God knows that I have only said it to make your heart firm and steadfast."

"Praise be to God who has made you act according to what He likes and according to what I like. Come close to me, my son, that I may smell and feel your body for this might be the last meeting with you."

'Abdullah knelt before her. She hugged him and smothered his head, his face and his neck with kisses. Her hands began to  squeeze his body when suddenly she withdrew them and asked:

"What is this you are wearing, 'Abdullah?"

"This is my armor plate."

"This, my son, is not the dress of one who desires martyrdom. Take it off. That will make your movements lighter and quicker. Wear instead the sirwaal (a long under garment) so that if you are killed your 'awrah (private part) will not be exposed."

'Abdullah took off his armor plate and put on the sirwaal. As he left for the Haram (Holy Sanctuary i.e. The near land in the which the Ka'bah is) to join the fighting he said: "My mother, don't deprive me of your du'aa (prayer)."

Raising her hands to heaven, she prayed:

"O Lord, have mercy on his staying up for long hours and his loud crying in the darkness of the night while people slept... O Lord, have mercy on his hunger and his thirst on his Journeys from Madinah and Makkah while he fasted... O Lord, bless his righteousness to his mother and his father...O Lord, I commend him to Your cause and I am pleased with whatever You decree for him. And grant me for his sake the reward of those who are patient and who persevere."

By sunset, 'Abdullah was dead. Just over ten days later, his mother joined him. She was a hundred years old.

Age had not made her infirm nor blunted the keenness of her mind.

 

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